What to Do During Your Last Lecture

What to Do During Your Last LectureThe last lecture is one of the most difficult assignments that you will have to complete in your college career. This assignment is the culmination of all of your hard work and is the highlight of the entire semester. There are a few things that you should do during this time to ensure that you succeed in finishing this difficult task on time.One, Make sure that you have all of your lecture notes with you when you take the last lecture. You should always make a note of the topics that you covered in your lectures. If you fail to do this, it is likely that you will forget some of the lecture notes and this could cause some problems in the grading process.Two, make sure that you are able to study all of your lecture notes before you go to bed each night. If you can't make it through your lectures, then you need to make sure that you are able to learn from your failures. Not only will you have a better chance of getting a passing grade, but you will al so have a much better grade overall for your course.Three, make sure that you schedule your final exam at least two weeks before the start of your semester. If you miss out on this important date, then you will be punished for taking time off between classes. Make sure that you are on top of your class work and that you are ready to take your final exam.Four, make sure that you prepare for your final test the night before it is due. If you take the test the night before, then you are almost guaranteed to fail and will have to redo the entire grade. If you take the test early, then you will get an excellent grade and will not have to worry about having to retake the course.Five, make sure that you know exactly what to expect on your final exam. If you are unsure of what the student guide will tell you, then it is important that you read the student guide before you take the final exam. This will give you a better idea of what to expect and will allow you to focus your studying effort s on the areas of your class that you need to improve upon.There are many more things that you should do to help you get through your last lecture. Keep in mind that studying is important, but you should also remember that just like any other part of your college life, you will need to practice, practice, and practice so that you are ready to ace the final.

What Is It Like to Be a Young Child Assignment Example

Essays on What Is It Like to Be a Young Child Assignment The paper "What Is It Like to Be a Young Child?" is a great example of an assignment on psychology.   What was it like to be a boy/girl when you were young (say about 10 years old)?When I was young, (in the ’70s) to be a girl meant that to be within our private space, but with limited exposure. As far as I am concerned, my parents did not try to limit my freedom to an extent. They provided proper education and encouraged me to go for higher studies. They knew that society is undergoing rapid change and girl children cannot survive the competition without education. But most parents considered that preparation for married life was most important for girls and they must learn household works.What did you want to do, considering both your work life and nonwork life, when you grew up?As pointed out, my parents encouraged me to go beyond my limitations. Once, I explained to them that I wanted to be a primary school teacher. They advised me that I must not limit my ambition within primary schools, but must extend it towards colleges. I felt pleased and motivated with that advice bec ause they did not discourage me, but encouraged me with valuable advice. Within my nonwork life, I knew that teaching job can help me to have more leisure time. Some of my friends got married after their higher education, but I did not give up an unending aspiration and interest in education. Usually, teen-age ambitions will undergo change. When I grew up, my ambition also grew up!What did you expect to do when you grew up?To be frank, I expected myself to do the job of a teacher. Surprised? Can to imagine a girl expecting to become a teacher in the 1970s-1980s? But it was the right choice which transformed my life as a whole, the life of an educator. The only change was that my parents encouraged me to become a college professor, not a primary school teacher.What constraints and opportunities did you see, if any, on what you could do with your life because you were male/female?The main limitation was that femininity limited one’s upward mobility in society. For example, soci ety considered education as the preparatory stage for married life. When one tries to go beyond this limit, all will begin to criticize. On the other side, feminine identity helped me to keep myself within my private space without any external interference in my private life. Still, the society was not ready to set me free because people used to compare my life with othersHow do you think things have changed for boys/girls since you were young? Have things changed for the better or for the worse? Why?I think that things have changed for girls since I was young. For example, girls began to provide importance to their higher education. They began to consider that their life is similar to male life and the only difference is in physical condition. Thomas Borstelmann opined that â€Å"The shift in institutional support for girls’ participation in sports marked a major change in American life† (87). I consider that things have changed for better because girls are ready to m ake use of their ability for a better future. They are not ready to give up their dreams and ambition, and this is the most important change that I have noticed among girlsIf you had the choice, would you rather be a young boy/girl now or when you actually were one? Why?For sure, I would be a young girl because it can help me to view girls’ life from a different angle of view. In addition, this may help me to encourage girls to go beyond their limits and to be productive citizens in the futureOther responses.I feel so happy to be a teenager at the end of the 1970s and as a youngster in the 1980s. That helped me to realize the importance of personal liberty in life as a female member of the society. Still, I remember that the support from my parents transformed my life!

Analysis the Culture of 3M Company-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Culture of 3M Company. Answer: Background of the Company 3M Company is a major multinational conglomerate corporation of United States of America. The former name of the company was Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. The company was founded in 13 June 1902. 3M Company is considered as one of the major global innovation company (3m.com, 2017). 3M Company has a large variety of products that include adhesive, abrasives, laminates, passive fire protection, personal protective equipments, dental and orthoclase products, various electronic materials, medical products, car-care products, electronic circuit and many others (3m.com, 2017). 3M Company is well-known all over the world for their continuous thrust for innovation and invention. For this reason, with the help of their innovative products, 3M Company has been able to change daily life of threads of people. It can be seen that 3M Company is driven by some specific values that provide the company with necessary direction (3m.com, 2017). As per the values, 3M Company maintains honesty and integrity in all of their business operations (3m.com, 2017). 3M Company always tries to fulfill the demands of their customers with innovative technology and superior quality of products that have the ability to add value to their customers. In the year 2015, 3M Company had global sales of $30.2 billion that includes the sales of America worth $18.23 billion (3m.com, 2017). The company has its business operations spread over 70 countries and the products of 3M Company are sold over 200 countries around the globe (3m.com, 2017). 3M Company has an employee base of 89,446 all over the world. Innovation and invention can be seen in the business environment of the company (3m.com, 2017). The main objective of the company is to satisfy the needs of their customers with the help of quality products and high level of technology. Practice in 3M Company The focus of this part is to evaluate the business practices that make 3M Company a learning organization. As per the above discussion, 3M Company believes in innovation and inventions. With the help of some major practices, 3M Company has been able to develop learning environment in their organization (hbr.org, 2017). 3M Company provides their employees with the opportunity to pursue their chances. For this reason, 3M Company arranges various kinds of forums and centers that help their employees to take full advantage of their opportunities and provides them with all necessary resources. Apart from this, the employees of 3M Company attend different kinds of technical council so that their technical abilities can be developed and increased (victorhrconsultant.com, 2017). According to 3M Company, performance of the employees is the main success factor of the company. For this reason, 3M Company has adopted the strategy to provide the employee with bonus as per their performance of the employees. In 3M Company, scientists are provided with the same respect, compensation and prestige like the corporate managers. As per the policy of the company, the scientists can get the promotions without becoming managers. The performance measurement and reward system of 3M Company tolerates the mistakes of their employees and encourages them. 3M Company uses to honor top three scientists who develop the most innovative product and they are awarded with cash price (news.3m.com, 2017). 3M Company tells the stories of famous failures to their employees so that they can learn from those mistakes and this is one of the major strategies of 3M Company to retain innovation in their business culture. 3M Company has an effective research and development unit for the invention of innovative products. This research and development department has significant contribution to develop new industries for the company (linkedin.com, 2017). Comparison of Theoretical Framework In order to analyze the cultural aspects of 3M Company, two of the major theoretical framework has been taken into consideration and they are Schein Model and Hofstede Dimensions. Both the theories have their own importance for the analysis and evaluation of business culture of the companies. Schein Model: As per the Schein Model, organizational culture has three layers. They are Artifacts and Behaviors, Espoused Values and Assumptions (Zohar Hofmann, 2012). Figure 1: Schein Model (Source: Hogan Coote, 2014) Hofstede Dimensions: According to Hofstede model, there are six dimensions of culture. They are Power Distance, Individualism vs. Collectivism, Masculinity vs. Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance, Pragmatic vs. Normative and Indulgence vs. Restraint (Minkov Hofstede, 2012). Figure 2: Hofstede Dimensions (Source: Taras, Steel Kirkman, 2012) The step or dimension of Schein model is artifacts that are visible elements of the companies like logo, architecture, structure, process and others. At the same time, the first three dimensions of Hofstede model are similar to the first step of Schein model. The second step in Schein model is espoused values that are organizational standards, values, rules, regulations and others. This step is similar with the last two dimensions of Hofsted model. The third step of Schein model is assumptions that have similarity with the fourth dimension of Hofstedes model. It can be seen hat Schein model covers all the dimensions of Hofsteds model. Apart from this, there are only three dimensions or layer in Schein model and for this reason; this process is less complicated than Hofsteds model. In case of Schein model, it is possible to analyze all the cultural factors of the companies with the help of three layers while companies need to use six factors for cultural analysis in case of Hofsteds model (Gray Massimino, 2014). Thus, it is more appropriate to analyze the culture of 3M Company with the help of Schein Model. Schein Model Organization culture refers to certain values and believes of the organizations. Organizational culture consists of certain principles, ideologies and policies. The organizational culture directs the employees how to behave with the people inside and outside the organizations. In the year 1980, American management professor Edgar Schein introduced a model that is helpful to analyze and evaluate the organizational culture. Edgar Schein believed that it is not possible for the business organizations to adopt the culture in one day. The employees of the organizations have to go through various changes and they have to adopt the organizational cultures. In addition, the new employees have to try hard in order to adjust with the organizational culture. According to Edgar Schein, there are three major levels in the organizational culture (Mihaela Bratianu, 2012). They are Artifacts and Behaviours, Espoused Values and Assumptions. All three aspects are discussed below: Artifacts: Artifacts refers to the surface of the organizations. On a more precise note, artifacts can be referred as the visible objectives of the organizations like physical environment, language, technological products, style, clothing, rituals and others. Among all these aspects, climate is considered as the artifacts of the organizations. As per most of the culturists, climate of the organizations can be considered as the culture. Observed behaviour of the employees can also be considered as the artifacts of the companies. Apart from this, various structural elements like formal descriptions of the organizational working process, organizational charts and others come under the category of artifacts. The most important characteristics of artifacts are that they are easy to observe and difficult to convert into normal languages. Apart from the organizational people, all these aspects are visible by the external parties of the organization. With the help of deep observations, these artifacts become clearer (Schaubroeck et al., 2012). Espoused Values: Espoused values refer to the standards, values, rules and code of conducts of the business organizations. This is the next level in the Schein model. Schein believed that the value of the employees help to develop the culture of the business organizations. Thus, the value of each employee has a significant role to play in constituting the organizational culture. The attitudes and thought process of the organizational employees have a major impact on the organizational cultural aspects. The organizational cultured is developed based on the modest of the employees. Thus, it can be said that espoused values can be referred as the ideology and philosophy of the companies. Only organizational people can see and feel them. The outsides are not able to see and feel the espoused values of the business organizations. Espoused values have utmost importance for the analysis of organizational cultures (Hogan Coote, 2014). Assumptions: This is the third step of Scheins model. This level is considered as assumed values of the organizations that cannot be measured, but they have major impacts on the culture of the organizations. In the business organizations, some values and beliefs are there that stays hidden but have significant importance on the culture of the organizations. The main aim of this part is to analyze the inner aspect of the human nature in the organizations. These assumptions are considered as the foundation of organizational culture. The underlying assumptions of the organizations are hard to describe and they are intangible in nature. As these assumptions are invisible in nature, they are not written in any of the documents of the companies. It can be seen that organizational people do not want to talk about these assumption but they have to comply with these assumptions while working in the organizations. Thus, it can be said that assumptions are one of the major components of organiz ational culture (Mihaela Bratianu, 2012). Analysis of Practices From the above analysis, it can be seen that there are three major factors in Schein Model; they are Artefacts, Espoused values and Assumptions. These three aspects are the most crucial factors are Schein model as they massively help in the analysis of organizational culture. There is not any exception of this fact in case of 3M Company. For the analysis and evaluation of organisational culture of 3M Company, the assistance of Schein Model is required. Various cultural aspects of the company need to be divided among these aspects of Schein Model so that effective analysis can be done (news.3m.com, 2017). The analysis of practice, issues, events and sub units of 3M Company is shown below based on Schein framework. Artefacts and Creation Norms are considered as the crucial factors in the principles and standards of the companies. Norms refer to the informal guidelines of the organizations that guide the behaviour of the employees in the organizations. Norms have their importance in the development collection expectations among the members or employees of the business organizations (Dauber, Fink Yolles, 2012). In a shorter note, norms can be considered as the way to do things in the organizations. From this analysis, the importance of norms in the business organizations can be understood. According to Schein Model, norms are the artefacts of the organizations that the outside people can see. The norms of 3M are the integral part of the organizational culture. According to the norms of the company, the employees of the company need to act with honesty and integrity. As per the norms of the company, the culture of 3M has build on satisfying the needs of the customers with the help of technology and quality products. 3M is always ready for the development of their employees with the help of various talent development programs. These are the major norms of 3M and they are the major parts of its culture (Fink, Dauber Yolles, 2012). From the above discussion, it can be said that norms have an important role to play in making 3M a learning organization. The management of the company has been successful to develop collaboration among various departments in the organizations. As a result, the employees have become able to learn from different business units of the company. Another major aspect of artefacts is the rites and ceremonies of the organizational culture. Rites and ceremonies refer to the integral part of the business organizations as they contribute hugely towards the operating procedures of the companies. In addition, rites and ceremonies have symbolic connection with the values and ethic of the companies. Different types of rites and ceremonies are the major part of the organizational culture of 3M. These rites and ceremonies include various recognition ceremonies, annual off-site conferences, Christmas parties, employee welcome parties, retirement parties and others (Baumgartner, 2012). All the rites and ceremonies make the employees enthusiastic to their works. Rites and ceremonies play an important role to make 3M a learning organization. In the daily lives of the employees, these rites and ceremonies bring happiness. It can be seen that as a part of the rites and ceremonies, 3M rewards their employees. This is a major performance booste r for the employees of the company. As the employees are rewarded in front of everyone, their thrust for leering becomes higher. It helps 3M to become a learning organization. Apart from these, there are many artefacts factors in the cultures of 3M. They are the logo of the company, building and infrastructure of the company, various machineries and equipments of the company and others. All these factors have deep impact on the culture of the companies. As per Schein model, these factors have great impact on the cultures of the companies. Thus, at the time of analysing the organizational culture, all these aspects need to be taken into consideration (Maximini, 2015). Values and Beliefs According to Schein Model, espoused values and beliefs refer to the code of conducts, rules, regulations, principles and standards of the organizations and the people outside the organizations are not able to see all the values and beliefs. Trust can be considered as important factors in the aspects of espoused values and beliefs. Trust is a major component of organizational culture. Trust helps to build respect and loyalty among the people of the organizations (Gimenez-Espin, Jimnez-Jimnez Martnez-Costa, 2013). As per the analysis of Schein model, it can be seen that 3M has a high trust workplace culture. 3M gets major benefits from the trust factors in the organizational as the company is getting some major tangible benefits from it. As there is trust among the employees of the company across all departments, they use to share valuable information among them. As a result of this, the employee of a particular department can now the work procedures of another department. This proces s helps them to learn multitasks. This is a major way of learning in the company. Apart from this, 3M has been able to create a cordial work place in the organization. With the help of trust factors in the organization, 3M has been able to implement the strategy of shared vision in the workplace. In the presence of trust factors in the organization, the employees of 3M have become able to build understanding and commitment among themselves that provides massive benefits to the company. Due to the presence of trust factors in the workplace, the employees of the company feel themselves as valuable and they become more enthusiastic in the learning process. As the employees, make difference in the workplace, the organizations start to value them. Efforts refer to the attempt of the organizations in order to do good of the companies like effort to implement a strategy, effort to better the financial performance of the company and others. Thus, it can be said that the organizations need to put efforts for the performance development. This same theory is also applicable in case of 3M. It can be seen that 3M has been putting some major efforts in order to strengthen the technological capabilities of the company and to improve the business portfolio and cost structure of the company. As per the recent years strategy of the company, 3M is putting efforts to increase the amount of investment for the growth opportunities (Taylor, 2014). Individual efforts of the employees help them to learn many important aspects apart from their own business units. This is a major progress for the company and this process helps 3M to become a learning organization. Apart from trust and effort, some other cultural values and beliefs are there in 3M. According to the culture of the company, the brand of the companies should be reflected from the culture of the organizations. Over the years, 3M has been celebrating, encouraging and retaining the most relevant parts of their business culture. At the same time, 3M is continuously developing the ways to make the organizational culture more effective and relevant. In 3M, the employees are provided with the opportunities to increase their potentials and to become more effective. In this process, 3M provides all the necessary resources to them. Thus, it can be seen that 3M is always ready to take efforts in order to make the organizational people more effective. This is one of the major characteristics of their business culture. All these aspects together have been successful to make 3M a learning organization where the employees are always provided with the opportunity to develop themselves (Korte Lin , 2013). Assumptions Assumptions refer to the underlying facts of the organizational that are deeply embedded with the organizational cultures. From the cultural analysis of 3M, some basic assumptions can be made. As per the above discussions, it can be said that some of the major business practices of 3M have made the company as the learning organization. From the above discussion, it can be assumed that 3M has been successful to implement the concept of system thinking in the organization. As a result, the organizational people of 3M have been able to see interrelations and patterns of the organizational changes (Conole, 2012). In addition, with the help of organizational culture, the employees of the company have developed personal mastery. With the help of personal mastery, the 3M employees are able to increase their abilities to create their desired results (Maden, 2012). Another major assumption is the development of team learning mentality among the employees of the company. There is a positive in terrelation between team learning and personal mastery as both team learning develops on the principles and standards of personal mastery. Team learning is an important factor for the business success of 3M (Parmelee et al., 2012). Conclusion The main objective of this report is to analyze and evaluate the business practices of 3M Company that make it a learning organization. For the analysis of business practices, two learning models are taken into consideration. They are Schein Model and Hofstede Dimension Model. Schein model has three dimensions while Hofstede Model has six dimensions. After the analysis of both the models, it has been concluded that Schein model is more appropriate than Hofstede model for the analysis of organizational culture of 3M. The three dimensions of Schein model covers all the six dimensions of Hofstetde model. There are three major dimensions in Schein model; they are Artefacts, Espoused values and Assumptions. There are some specific artefacts in the organizations. The employees of the organization have to comply with the norms and standards and the employees act with honesty and integrity for these rules and regulations. In addition, 3M has several major rites and ceremonies in the organiza tion like Christmas parties, conferences, employee recognition programs and others. All these rites and ceremonies play important part in developing enthusiasm within the employees towards their jobs. These are the major artefacts of the company. Various codes of conducts, principles, regulations are others are seen as the espoused values. Trust and efforts are two of the major factors of espoused values and believes of the company. In the third part of the model, some assumptions are provided. It is assumed that the company has been successful for the development of some major aspects like system thinking, team learning, share vision and personal mastery. References 3M Annual Meeting Highlights 2016 Achievements | 3M News | United States. (2017).News.3m.com. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://news.3m.com/press-release/company-english/3m-annual-meeting-highlights-2016-achievements 3M Business Groups - 3M US Company Information. (2017).Solutions.3m.com. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/3M-Company/Information/AboutUs/Businesses/ 3M Performance - 3M US Company Information. (2017).Solutions.3m.com. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/3M-Company/Information/Profile/Performance/ 3M Positioned for a Successful 2017 and Beyond | 3M News | United States. (2017).News.3m.com. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://news.3m.com/press-release/company-english/3m-positioned-successful-2017-and-beyond 3M US Company Information. (2017).Solutions.3m.com. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/3M-Company/Information/ About 3M| 3M United States. (2017).3m.com. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/company-us/about-3m/ Baumgartner, R. J. (2012). Organizational culturean essential factor for sustainable industry management. InInstitute of Systems Sciences, Innovation Sustainability Research University of Graz, Greening of Industry conference, Linkping. Conole, G. (2012).Designing for learning in an open world(Vol. 4). Springer Science Business Media. Corporate Responsibility - 3M US Company Information. (2017).Solutions.3m.com. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/3M-Company/Information/AboutUs/CorporateResponsibility/ Dauber, D., Fink, G., Yolles, M. (2012). A configuration model of organizational culture.Sage Open,2(1), 2158244012441482. Fink, G., Dauber, D., Yolles, M. (2012). Understanding organisational culture as a trait theory.European Journal of International Management,6(2), 199-220. Gimenez-Espin, J. A., Jimnez-Jimnez, D., Martnez-Costa, M. (2013). Organizational culture for total quality management.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,24(5-6), 678-692. Gray, J. V., Massimino, B. (2014). The effect of language differences and national culture on operational process compliance.Production and Operations Management,23(6), 1042-1056. History - 3M US Company Information. (2017).Solutions.3m.com. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/3M-Company/Information/Resources/History/ Hogan, S. J., Coote, L. V. (2014). Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model.Journal of Business Research,67(8), 1609-1621. Hogan, S. J., Coote, L. V. (2014). Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model.Journal of Business Research,67(8), 1609-1621. Korte, R., Lin, S. (2013). Getting on board: Organizational socialization and the contribution of social capital.Human Relations,66(3), 407-428. Maden, C. (2012). Transforming public organizations into learning organizations: a conceptual model.Public Organization Review,12(1), 71-84. Maximini, D. (2015). Organizational Culture Models. InThe Scrum Culture(pp. 9-25). Springer International Publishing. Mihaela, V., Bratianu, C. (2012). Organizational culture modeling.Management Marketing,7(2), 257. Minkov, M., Hofstede, G. (2012). Hofstedes fifth dimension: New evidence from the World Values Survey.Journal of cross-cultural psychology,43(1), 3-14. Old Fashion Collaboration Still Powers Innovation at 3M!. (2017).Victor Assad Strategic Human Resources Consulting. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://victorhrconsultant.com/2016/06/19/old-fashion-collaboration-still-powers-innovation-at-3m/ Old Fashion Collaboration Still Powers Innovation at 3M!. (2017).linkedin.com. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/old-fashion-collaboration-still-powers-innovation-3m-victor-assad Parmelee, D., Michaelsen, L. K., Cook, S., Hudes, P. D. (2012). Team-based learning: a practical guide: AMEE guide no. 65.Medical teacher,34(5), e275-e287. Schaubroeck, J. M., Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., Kozlowski, S. W., Lord, R. G., Trevio, L. K., ... Peng, A. C. (2012). Embedding ethical leadership within and across organization levels.Academy of Management Journal,55(5), 1053-1078. Taras, V., Steel, P., Kirkman, B. L. (2012). 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The Great Person Theory Is it a Valid Interpretation of History

Introduction The great person theory explains how great people shaped the history of the world. The noble abilities of the great persons had decisive impact on the course of the history. On this theory, Thomas Carlyle asserts that, â€Å"the history of the world is but the bibliography of great men.†1 The great persons in the history contributed to the current course of the history because without them, there would be no decisive historical impacts on the current society.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Great Person Theory: Is it a Valid Interpretation of History? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thomas Carlyle studied historical heroes and he realized that their heroic activities influenced greatly the course of the history, so he believes that by exploring their lives and activities will help the current society to shape its own future. The modern society regards and rewards the great heroes bec ause their heroism not only affects their lives, but also the society, thus shaping the history. This supports the great person theory that the course of history is due to the influence of great persons. The great Roman and Greek heroes had significance influence on course of the history for they shaped various aspects of life such as political, scientific, religious, and economic aspects amongst others. Thomas Carlyle argues that, â€Å"†¦all things that we see standing accomplished in the world are properly the outer material result, the practical realization and embodiment of thoughts, that dwelt in the great man sent into this world.†2 He emphasizes that every outstanding accomplishment in the current society originated from the thoughts of the great persons and he refers to these great persons as leaders, modelers, and even creators of the history and the future. This paper explores how the great Roman and Greek heroes: Themistocles, Caesar, Pericles, and Nero shap ed the course of history in their respective empires in validation the great person theory. Themistocles In validation of the great person theory, Themistocles was a great man who shaped the history of Greece. His birth was controversial because many thought he was an illegitimate child. In his childhood, he had great influence because â€Å"he persuaded several of the young men of high birth to accompany him to anoint and exercise themselves together at Cynosarges, an ingenious device for destroying distinction between the noble and the base-born.†3 Since Themistocles was a base-born, he wanted to make his birth legitimate by anointing and exercising at the Cynosarges. His friends admired the heroic abilities he had already demonstrated in his childhood because he was strong, inspiring, and very ambitious in shaping the history of Greece. The potential and abilities of a great man appeared in his childhood, a harbinger of a hero who will shape the course of the history. Ari stides, who was a great rival of Themistocles, harbored a lot of hatred when he saw â€Å"him stirring up the people to all kinds of enterprises, and introducing various innovations.†4 He had unique abilities for he spent most of his time alone because he did not want interferences from his companions. In the course of his life to shape the history of Greece, he studied natural philosophy and entered into politics.Advertising Looking for term paper on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Themistocles plunged into the political affairs of Greece making tremendous reformation that had marked political shift. As he pursued his dream, his father and mother disowned him because he joined politics; nevertheless, this did not deter his passion to become a politician. â€Å"It is evident that his mind was early imbued with the keenest interest in the public affairs, and the most passionate ambition for distinction. †5 His passion to attain the highest political position stirred a lot of criticism and hatred from the powerful political figures in the city of Athens yet he continued to increase in popularity and influence. His great political actions and innovations surprised his political opponents particularly the Aristides. â€Å"Gradually growing to be great, and winning the favor of the people, he at last gained the day with his faction over that of Aristides, and procured his banishment by ostracism.†6 The great hero was now in decisive stage to determine the history of Greece as powers was upon his hands to exercise them to the fullest. Since the trophy of Miltiades disturbed him so much when he was young, his determination was to ensure that the Greece win the imminent battles. Many of his friends thought that, the battle of Marathon would not last, but on contrary, he â€Å"thought that it was but the beginning for far greater conflicts, and for these, to the benefit of al l Greece, he kept to himself in continual readiness, and his city also in proper training, foreseeing from far what would happen.†7 In his first political influence, he managed to persuade the Athenians to stop sharing revenue but use them in building war ships. Themistocles wanted to use the war ships in repelling hostile neighbors like Persians who have dominated the sea and enhance the power of Greece in commanding the sea. The impending war between the Greece and the Persians prompted him to use his political powers in influencing military logistics. Themistocles becomes a political hero for he managed to influence political history of Greece. The greatest achievement of Themistocles is the military legacy he left for Greece. When the Persia threatened Greece to submit to her power, â€Å"the Athenians were in consultation of who should be general, and many withdrew themselves of their own accord, being terrified with the greatness of the danger.†8Advertising W e will write a custom term paper sample on The Great Person Theory: Is it a Valid Interpretation of History? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to the threatening circumstance, Themistocles did not trust the command of Epicydes for the imminent danger required a general with courage who would fight tactfully and tirelessly. With his heroic ability, he took over as a commander of Athenian forces when he killed Persian interpreter and â€Å"he immediately endeavored to persuade the citizens to leave the city, and to embark upon their galleys, and meet with the Persians at a great distance from Greece.†9 The Athenian citizens and forces followed Themistocles’ commands and gathered themselves at the sea in preparation for the war. He commanded the Athenian forces proving that â€Å"he was the chief means of the deliverance of Greece, and gained the Athenians the glory of alike surpassing their enemies in valor, and their confederates in wisdom.†10 By commanding the Athenian forces to achieve victory against the Persia, he shaped the military history of the Greece. Themistocles was distressed when he saw the Persian armies growing stronger. â€Å"He proposed a decree that those who were banished for a time might return again, to give assistance by word and deed to the cause of Greece with the rest of their fellow-citizens.†11 He did this when he realized that ostracized Aristides played an important role in the Athenian military. Knowing the threats and the interests of king Xerxes, he decided to use tactics in directing the Persian armies to the strategic fighting ground, Salamis. He sent a Persian captive, Sucinnus to tell king Xerxes that, â€Å"the Greeks were ready to make their escape, and that he counseled him to hinder their flight, to set upon them while they were in this confusion and at a distance from their land army.†12 Themistocles won the battle of Salamis by using psychological tactics to deceive king Xerxes. Therefore, Themistocles left political and military legacy to the country of Greece thus shaping the history as a great man. Caesar The bibliography of Caesar depicts the history of Rome for her was a great hero who shaped the history of Rome. He grew up under the dictatorship of Sylla who was the master of Rome. He was among the prisoners who were ready for execution, but he fortunately survived when Sylla overlooked because â€Å"so many were to be put to death, and there was so much to do.†13 Even in the face of death, he did not keep quiet for he actively campaigned to become a priest. During his youth, he displayed the courage of a great man who would shape the history of Rome. After his release, he went into exile where he learned military skills. â€Å"The first proof he had of the people’s good will to him was when he received by their suffrages a tribune-ship in the army, and came out on the list with a higher pla ce than Caius Popilius.†14 When Caesar came back from exile, he revived Marius faction in order to fight Sylla faction, which was in the government. In fighting the government, Caesar displayed a lot of courage given that his life was in the hands of Sylla. To do this, â€Å"he ordered images of Marius and figures of Victory, with trophies in their hands, to be carried privately in the night and placed in the capitol.†15 His courage to attack Sylla openly attracted many people and increased tension between Sylla and Marius factions making him achieve his objective. His followers were very happy demonstrating in the streets extolling him as a great man.Advertising Looking for term paper on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From then Caesar dared to face Sylla and began his campaign for their Marius’s party. Caesar demonstrated his greatness when he campaigned to become a priest because his opponents were men of great influence in the senate while he was just an ordinary man. With determination, he predicted his priesthood when he told his mother, â€Å"to-day you will see me either high priest or an exile.†16 Caesar became a hero and made history when he attained priesthood amidst intense opposition. Caesar went to Spain and discovered that he had great potential in military and drew his political strategies of becoming the first man in Rome. He depicted his determination by saying that, â€Å"I have not just cause to weep, when I consider that Alexander at my age had conquered so many nations, and I have all this time done nothing that is memorable.†17 He was a great man who wanted to shape the history Rome. With the help of his two friends, Pompey and Crassus, Caesar managed to attain consulship, the highest office in Rome. In his consulship office, he formulated bills concerning division of land and plantation of colonies in order to assist the poor. In consulship, he left the legacy of enacting laws to assist the poor hence shaping the Roman society. When his term of consulship expired, Caesar was still strong and determined to shape the history of Rome. This time he vied for a position of a governor of Gaul with military intention of subduing neighboring states. â€Å"His first war in Gaul was against the Helvetians and Tigurini, who having burnt their own towns, twelve in number, and four hundred villages, would have marched forward through that part of Gaul.†18 He obtained the military skills from Spain and in Rhodes in exile. Caesar wanted the armies to ensure that he enlarged Gaul territory and he fought passionately saying that, â€Å"when I have won the battle, I will use my horse for the chase, but at present let us go against the enemy. †19 He portrayed his heroic passion for war by invading neighboring states in a bid to expand his territory. Caesar continued to expand his territory, skillfully protecting it from the threat of invasion by any nation. The prophecies of the Germans annoyed Caesar as they were waiting for the new moon to appear so that they can attack the Romans. â€Å"Caesar having had intimation of this, and seeing the Germans lie still, thought it expedient to attack them whilst they were under these apprehensions, rather than sit still and wait their time.†20 Then, he launched his second conquest and destroyed the German armies slaying thousands of them along the Rhine. Caesar military prowess had marked historical influence and shaped subsequent military systems of Rome. The Nervii who were the most powerful tribe of Celtic Belgae threatened to attack Roman armies. Caesar did not hesitate, â€Å"he led his army against the Nervii, the fiercest and most warlike people of all in thos e parts.†21 Despite their preparedness, the Roman armies attacked and conquered them. â€Å"Pompey never observed how Caesar was using the arms of Rome in effecting his conquests, and gaining over and securing to himself the favor of the Romans with the wealth which those conquests obtained him.†22 Pompey criticized Caesar for misusing the Roman military forces in pursuing his selfish interests and demanded that he disband his private armies for his term as the governor of Gaul was ending. Pompey and Caesar interests in the military resulted into civil war where their armies fought but eventually, Caesar exiled Pompey and destroyed his armies. Caesar became the great military commander who shaped the military history of Rome. Caesar left both political and military legacy to the Roman society. His greatest achievements revolve mostly around military conquests for he commanded his armies in conquering numerous battles. The military conquests of Germans, Pompey, Nervii, a nd the battle of Alesia shaped the military history and the future of the Roman society. Caesar is a hero who fought many battle and won as many, because he was courageous and full of potential. Basing on his historical achievements in shaping the course of the Rome military and political progress, Romans owe him a lot. The experiences of the Caesar support the great person theory that the history of Rome is just but a bibliography of one great person viz. Caesar. Pericles In support of the great person theory, Pericles made significant contribution to the course of Greek history. He was a Greek hero who had a noble birth since he was born in the family, which had a lot of influence in Athens. He became a noble man with a noble character. The Athenians poets praised and â€Å"furnished him most especially with a weight and grandeur of sense, superior to all arts of popularity, and in general gave him his elevation and sublimity of purpose and of character.†23 Many of his cont emporaries admired him as he had extraordinary esteem and unique character. Pericles was a powerful orator who appealed to many people as they described his abilities in language as â€Å"composure of countenance, and a serenity and calmness in all his movements, which no occurrence whilst he was speaking could disturb a sustained and even tone of voice, which produced the greatest effect on his hearers.†24 His oratory skills earned him great fame in the Athenian society hence had more influence as compared to his opponents. With his fame, he entered into political realm where he met great heroes like Themistocles and Cimon for he also wanted to shape the history of Athens. New and young to be in the political realm, Pericles was determined to be another great hero like Themistocles and Cimon. In the city of Athens, there were two political factions, Thucydides and Pericles. Pericles and his faction struggled to gain supremacy and eventually, â€Å"Thucydides was overpowered , and the whole affairs of the state and government came into the hands of Pericles.†25 Then, Pericles gained a foothold to wield his political influence against Cimon. His ascension into power elicited mixed reactions among the citizens, as they perceived him as a tyrant due his facial appearance and background influence of great people. Taking an advantage of the death of Aristides and absence of Cimon due to foreign expeditions, â€Å"Pericles, seeing things in this posture, now advanced and took his side, not with the rich and few, but with the many and poor, contrary to his natural bent, which was far from democracy.†26 Pericles utilized this opportunity to launch his political strategies against Cimon. Pericles unleashed his deadly attack to Cimon by breaking down the council of Areopagus, which was the strong hold of Cimon. Therefore, â€Å"Pericles, having secured his power in interest with the populace, directed the exertions of his party against this council with such success.†27 He managed to weaken Cimon and banish him together with his friends after accusing them as traitors for he perceived they had conspired against him with the enemies. By banishing Cimon for ten years, he received criticisms that his rule was â€Å"an aristocratically government, that went by the name of a democracy, but was, indeed, the supremacy of a single great man, while many others say, on the contrar.†28 The death of Ephialtes increased the freedom of Pericles to exercise his power in shaping the history of Athens until his death, even though they accused him of dictatorship that deteriorated Athenian democracy. Pericles did not only influence the political realm, but also influenced the military history of Athens. Pericles was annoyed and threatened his enemies saying that, â€Å"Greece cannot but resent it as an insufferable affront, and consider her to be tyrannized over openly, when she sees the treasure, which was contributed by her upon a necessity for the war.†29 Pericles prepared to wage war with the barbarians and he â€Å"informed the people, that they were in no way obliged to give any account of those moneys to their allies, so long as they maintained their defense, and kept off the barbarians from attacking them.†30 He employed defensive strategy to exhaust and weaken barbarians’ military strength and resources so that he can successfully defeat them. Pericles enhanced the Athenian military power when he issued a decree summoning Greeks from various parts of the world to, â€Å"send their deputies to Athens to a general assembly, or convention, there to consult and advice concerning the Greek temples which the barbarians had burnt down.†31 The general assembly discussed issues concerning the security and military capacity of the Athens to protect her citizens, safety navigation of the sea and security of her trade. After the deliberations of the national assembly, Pericles â€Å" turned his forces against the revolters and passing over into the island of Euboea with fifty sail of ships and five thousand men in arms, he reduced their cities, and drove out the citizens of the Chalcidians.†32 In the war, he displayed the mighty armies of Athens under his heroic command. The greatest military achievement of Pericles happened when he fought the battle of Peloponnesian. Here he used his defensive tactics; for instance, during the war he â€Å"was not at all moved by any attacks, but took all patiently, and submitted in silence to the disgrace they threw upon him and the ill-will they bore him; and, sending out a fleet of a hundred galleys to Peloponnesus.†33 He participated in this war and become a hero as he â€Å"stayed behind, that he might watch at home and keep the city under his own control, till the Peloponnesians broke up their camp and were gone.†34 Therefore, Pericles became a military hero who ruled and commanded Athenian armies in shaping the history of Athens. Nero Nero validates the great person theory since he shaped the course of the Roman Empire history. He was a Roman emperor who ruled the expansive Roman Empire with great influence. His genealogy shows that he was born in a family with good reputation and influence, but he â€Å"degenerated from the good qualities of his ancestors, he yet reproduced the vices of each of them, as if transmitted to him by natural inheritance.†35 Nero is famous due to his negative influence in the course of Roman Empire history. He grew up and became exceedingly rich because â€Å"he did not only recover his father’s property, but he also enriched himself by an inheritance from his stepfather, Passienus Crispus.†36 With his richness, he joined into politics of the Roman Empire since he had a background of royal family. The death of his uncle, Emperor Claudius heralded his ascension into powers at the age of seventeen years. â€Å"Hailed emperor on th e steps of the Palace, he was carried in a litter to the Praetorian camp, and after a brief address to the soldiers was taken from there to the Curia.†37 Nero became hero for he achieved to be an emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of seventeen, making history because he become the youngest emperor ever to have ruled an empire. â€Å"To make his good intentions still more evident, he declared that he would rule according to the principles of Augustus, and he let slip no opportunity for acts of generosity and mercy, or even for displaying his affability.†38 He ruled four consulships and delegated administrative responsibilities to the senate according to his orders, which shaped the Roman Empire administration policy. In his administration he did not allow his advisers to influence his decision through discussion, so he â€Å"had each of them give his opinion in written form; these he read silently and in private and then gave a verdict according to his own inclinati on, as if it were the view of the majority.†39 Julius Vindex, the governor of Gaul revolted against the leadership of Nero and refused to pay taxes. â€Å"At last he was driven by numerous insulting edicts of Vindex, to urge the Senate in a letter to avenge him and the state, alleging a throat trouble as his excuse for not appearing in person.†40 Britain and Armenia formed allies against Nero and when he realized that there were impending misfortunes, he planned â€Å"to depose and assassinate the commanders of the armies and the governors of the provinces, on the ground that they were all united in a conspiracy against him.†41 Nero was a cruel and horrific leader who did not even trust his allies. Nero lost sight in his leadership and resorted to the desperate measures of assassinating his allies making a history of a bad commander. He also lost his morals because he killed his uncle, Emperor Claudius in order to attain power, killed his mother because of his im morality, and even married his stepsister. Therefore, the negative and dark history of the Roman Empire is a bibliography of Nero. Conclusion The great person theory is a valid interpretation of history since history is the cumulative achievements of great people who made exceptional contribution to the world. The great persons used their talents, knowledge, abilities, and wisdom to shape the course of history of their states, nations, empires and even the whole world. The achievements of the great persons shaped the course of history during their time because their actions had direct influence in the society. Now the course of history depends on their achievements as models and lessons for generations to come. The great men and heroes of the history who shaped the Greek and Roman Empires proved the great persons theory that, history is indeed the bibliography of great men. The bibliography of the great men of the Greek empire, Themistocles and Pericles define the course of ancient Greek Empire history. Their achievements portray economic, military, cultural, and political profile of their empires. On the other hand, the bibliography of the Roman Empire heroes, Nero and Caesar, define the course of history of the empire. Their great achievements did shape their course of history and the current society by extension, obtains invaluable lessons applicable to current crisis. Since the great achievements of great persons are shaping the course and destiny of the modernity, the contemporary society owes them a lot. Footnotes 1Thomas Carlyle. On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History. New York: Harvard University, 1841. 2Thomas Carlyle. On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History. 3John Dryden. â€Å"Themistocles.† The Internet Classic Archive. 2009. Web.. http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/themisto.html 4John Dryden.†Themistocles† 5John Dryden. †Themistocles† 6John Dryden. †Themistocles† 7John Dryden. †Th emistocles† 8John Dryden.†Themistocles† 9John Dryden. †Themistocles† 10 John Dryden. †Themistocles† 11John Dryden. †Themistocles† 12John Dryden.†Themistocles† 13 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† The Internet Classic Archive. 2009. Web. http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/caesar.html 14 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 15 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 16 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 17 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 18 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 19 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 20 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 21 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 22 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 23 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† The Internet Classic Archive.2009. Web.. http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/pericles.html/ 24 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 25 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 26 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 27 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 28 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles † 29 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 30 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 31 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 32 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 33 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 34 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 35 Paul Halsall. â€Å"Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum – Nero.† Internet Ancient History Sourcebook, 2000. Web..  http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suet-nero-rolfe.html/ 36 Paul Halsall. â€Å"Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum – Nero.† 37 Paul Halsall. â€Å"Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum – Nero.† 38 Paul Halsall. â€Å"Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum – Nero.† 39 Paul Halsall. â€Å"Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum – Nero.† 40 Paul Halsall. â€Å"Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum – Nero.† 41 Paul Halsall. â€Å"Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum – Nero.† Works Cited Carlyle, Thomas. On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History. New York: Harvard University, 1841. Dryden, John. â€Å"Caesar† The Internet Classic Archive, 2009. Web.. http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/caesar.html Dryden, John. â€Å"Pericles.† The Internet Classic Archive, 2009. Web..  http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/pericles.html Dryden, John. â€Å"Themistocles.† The Internet Classic Archive, 2009. Web.. http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/themisto.html Halsall, Paul. â€Å"Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum – Nero.† Internet Ancient History  Sourcebook, 2000. Web.. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suet-nero-rolfe.html This term paper on The Great Person Theory: Is it a Valid Interpretation of History? was written and submitted by user Ainsley Owen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Health and Nutrition Essay

Health and Nutrition Essay One of the most common and popular assignments these days is an essay on health and nutrition. Every day a new company is born, and it offers new products, to add to your food allowance. Every company boasts and brags about the healthy and nutritious ingredients they offer in the product, and promise to increase health, if you use their products. But should you really trust all of them? Can you be sure that the food and various products you are consuming are really healthy and nutritious? – Absolutely not. You have to do your own research to find out what is really healthy for you, and what is just poison for you, veiled under a good mask. That is exactly why professors ask students to do a little research on some major products they consume, and find out if they are really healthy and helpful. This helps a student to understand how to eat and what to consume in future in order to not run a risk of getting sick from eating something bad. Anyway, if you need to write a health and nutrition paper, or a health and nutrition essay, health and nutrition research paper, or health and nutrition term paper – you will need to apply some efforts. When writing a health and nutrition essay – all the data in it has to be exact, specific and 100% accurate. If something in your paper is false – you put your whole health and nutrition essay paper under a big question mark. Make sure that all the data you use in absolutely plagiarism free, authentic, and referenced and cited. The least you want to have is a plagiarized paper. So when using some outside sources – make sure you site them all, according to the writing style you are asked to write your health and nutrition paper in. This is one of the most common mistakes among student writers. The most popular writing styles are APA, MLA, Harvard and Chicago. Be sure to read about those styles before even starting to do the research on the health and nutrition essay. CustomWritings.com can easily assist you with any of your assignments. We have a lot of professional writers ready to help you with your health and nutrition paper. If you need a health and nutrition expert to write your paper – be sure to contact CustomWritings.com right a way, and we will make sure you are delivered the best possible health and nutrition paper on any topic. Here is a list of the most popular health and nutrition essay topics: 1. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 2. Health Care Dynamics in Australia 3. Community Health Nursing 4. Italian Health Care Practices 5. Can health status improve without economic development in populations? 6. Rights to Health In Developing Countries 7. The effects of alternative health care on scientific medicine 8. Physical Health in the USA 9. Why do people respond differently to illness and why is health so hard to define? 10. Compare and contrast the quality of health provision in an MEDC and an LEDC of your choice. 11. Can better nutrition decrease criminal activity? 12. The Importance of Nutrition and Fitness in Our Lifes 13. Health Starts With Nutritional Foods 14. Protein Energy Malnutrition 15. Nutrition In A Nutshell 16. Healthy Nutrition Has Changed Me

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